OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

In this a main program is divided into small objects depending on the problem. Functions of object are linked with object using message passing. Data and functions of each individual object act like a single unit.

Data gets more importance than function in the program.

Each object controls its own data.

Data hiding is possible in OOP which prevents illegal access of function from outside of it.

More data and function can be added to program if required. It follows Bottom-up approach for program design. Popular Example: c++,java

 

From the above para we can infer that an object is an important part over here.So what an object is?

It has many definitions.Lets get to the basic one thatis  “it is a real world entity”.It could be a desk,T.V, bicycle etc.

These objects share two characteristic:

1.       State

2.       Behaviour

AN example would be :

A desktop lamp which has 2 states – (on and off) and 2 behavior (turn on && turn off).

An object stores its state in fields (variables) and exposes its behaviour through methods(functions).

Methods operate on an objects internal state and serve as the primary mechanism for object-object communication.

 

Features of OOP:

1.class

2.object

3.encapsulation

4.abstraction

5.inheritance

6.message passing

7.polymorphism.

Lets discuss each in detail.

1.       Class

Can be said as  a blueprint to create objects.This blueprint has attributes and methods that all created object share.

A class can be a person,place or thing.Fundamentally it encapsulates state andbehavior

Syntax of class:

         class  class_name{

                properties(variables);

                Action(methods);

}

 

Variables inside a class are called instance variables(Things that object knows about itself).

Variables inside a method are called method variables.

Methods are things an object can do.

When we create a class think about the objects that  will be created from that class type.

Example program for class explanation:

 

 

The below program describes the importance of objects .

 

This is the output: